<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0044-4510</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-641X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Academy of Science</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0044451023120106</article-id><title-group><article-title>Universality of Nucleon–Nucleon Correlations in Nuclei and Cumulative Pion Production</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Универсальность нуклонных корреляций в ядрах и кумулятивное образование пионов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid"></contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiselev</surname><given-names>Yu. T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселев</surname><given-names>Ю. Т. </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>yurikis@itep.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт» ККТЭФ</institution><institution xml:lang="en">Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru"></institution><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>164</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>964</fpage><lpage>976</lpage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The structure of nuclear matter at short internucleon distances is one of the poorly studied aspects of nuclear physics. At distances of the order of the nucleon radius, nuclear matter is represented by the pairs of correlated nucleons with relative momenta exceeding the Fermi momenta that emerge for a short time. Such structures, whose local density is comparable to the density of neutron stars, arise from fluctuations in the average nuclear density. One of the important characteristics of nucleon–nucleon correlations is their universality implying the independence of their properties from the nuclear mass number. Therefore, the peculiarities of these objects of nuclear structure reflect the properties of nuclear matter rather than specific nuclei. Information about the short-distance physics is extracted from the analysis of processes with high energy–momentum transfers. Until now, the property of universality has been observed in electron–nucleus collisions only for the breakup of nucleon pairs. In this paper we analyze the data on the cumulative production of pions by protons on a set of nuclear targets and for the first time have established the existence of universality of two-nucleon correlations in the production of π+ and π– mesons. We have obtained evidence for the involvement of three-nucleon correlations in the production of pions beyond the kinematics of their production in interactions with two-nucleon objects.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Структура ядерной материи на малых межнуклонных расстояниях является одним из мало изученных аспектов физики ядра. На расстояниях порядка радиуса нуклона ядерная материя представлена возникающими на короткое время парами коррелированных нуклонов с относительными импульсами, превышающими импульсы Ферми. Такие структуры, локальная плотность которых соизмерима с плотностью нейтронных звезд, появляются в результате флуктуаций средней ядерной плотности. Одной из важных характеристик нуклонных корреляций является универсальность, означающая независимость их свойств от массовых чисел ядер. Поэтому особенности этих объектов структуры ядра отражают свойства ядерной материи, а не конкретных ядер. Информация о физике малых расстояний извлекается из анализа процессов с большими передачами энергии-импульса. До сих пор свойство универсальности наблюдалось в электрон-ядерных столкновениях только для процесса дезинтеграции нуклонных пар. В настоящей работе проведен анализ данных по кумулятивному образованию пионов протонами на наборе ядерных мишеней и впервые установлено существование универсальности двухнуклонных корреляций в процессеобразования π+- и π--мезонов. Получены свидетельства участия трехнуклонных корреляций в рождениипионов за пределами кинематики их образования во взаимодействиях с двухнуклонными объектами.</p></trans-abstract></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>B1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">C. Cio degli Atti, Phys. Rep. 591, 99 1 (2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en"></mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>B2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O. Hen et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 89, 045002 (2017).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en"></mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>B3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">J. Arrington et al., Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. 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