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EXPLORING CDM EXTENSIONS WITH SPT-3G AND PLANCK DATA: 4 EVIDENCE FOR NON-ZERO NEUTRINO MASSES AND IMPLICATIONS OF EXTENDED DARK ENERGY MODELS FOR COSMOLOGICAL TENSIONS

Issue number 6 from 15.12.2025

We present cosmological constraints in the CDM model and a set of its extensions from a dataset based on the polarization and gravitational lensing measurements from the South Pole Telescope and the large-scale ( < 1000) part of the Planck CMB temperature measurements. In all cosmological scenarios, this CMB data combination brings the clustering measurements into agreement with the low-redshift probes of large-scale structure, resolving the tension. Combining this CMB set with a full-shape treatment of the BOSS large-scale structure observations, additional BAO measurements, information from weak lensing and photometric galaxy clustering surveys, and the Pantheon supernova catalog, we find a ∼4 preference for non-zero neutrino mass, ∑ = 0.221 ± 0.055 eV. We also explore dynamical dark energy in the context of the Hubble tension with two phenomenological late-time approaches introducing a phantom crossing in the dark energy equation of state. For the combination of all data considered, both models predict ≃ 68 km·s·Mpc, in ∼3 tension with the SH0ES constraint, if the supernova absolute magnitude is calibrated by CMB and LSS data as a free parameter. While it is possible to achieve values consistent with SH0ES by fixing to the Cepheid-derived value, that is shown to not be a valid approach as it introduces an implicit 4.5 tension between CMB and the local Universe.

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